Noradrenergic modulation on stress-evoked salience network activity
Hermans, E. J., van Marle, H. J. F., Ossewaarde, L., Henckens, M. J. A. G., Qin, S., van Kesteren, M. T. R., . . . Fernández, G. (2011). Stress-Related Noradrenergic Activity Prompts Large-Scale Neural Network Reconfiguration. Science, 334(6059), 1151-1153. doi:10.1126/science.1209603
After re-read this paper I think I get more information from it.
This study included two experiments, one regular fMRI study, one with Neuro-pharmaceutical manipulations.
In the first experiment, participants viewed highly stressful video clips with self-referential instruction while their brain was scanned.
Using model free data-analysis (i.e., multi-voxel), the authors found that the sensory network (visual cortex) are highly correlated among participants in both aversive and neutral conditions. However, brain regions previous claimed to be involved in the intrinsic connectivity network (ICN, include autonomic neuroendocrine control [frontoinsular cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and amygdala ], peripheral stress effector systems and catecholaminergic signaling [midbrain and hypothalamic regions) were more activated for aversive condition than control condition (I guess this is a typical neural response to negative emotion).
With ICA decomposition, as well as with the saliency map, the authors identified a salience network for the aversive condition. The activation of this network is correlated to negative behavioural.
(one interesting part is that vMPFC, which is also activated by the aversive stimuli but not in the salience network, was ignored, at least in the main story)
In experiment 2, the authors set three conditions: pharmacological experiment. propranolol (40 mg), a b-adrenergic receptor blocker; metyrapone (750 mg given twice), a cortisol synthesis blocker; or a placebo. Stress induction procedures were extended with a threat of mild electrical shock to increase effectiveness in raising cortisol but were otherwise identical to experiment 1.
The interesting part of the results is that the propranolol decreased the activation on the salience network, but not the visual network (I think that using the visual network as the baseline is a little bit unfair). The pattern of interaction is great!
After re-read this paper I think I get more information from it.
This study included two experiments, one regular fMRI study, one with Neuro-pharmaceutical manipulations.
In the first experiment, participants viewed highly stressful video clips with self-referential instruction while their brain was scanned.
Using model free data-analysis (i.e., multi-voxel), the authors found that the sensory network (visual cortex) are highly correlated among participants in both aversive and neutral conditions. However, brain regions previous claimed to be involved in the intrinsic connectivity network (ICN, include autonomic neuroendocrine control [frontoinsular cortex, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), and amygdala ], peripheral stress effector systems and catecholaminergic signaling [midbrain and hypothalamic regions) were more activated for aversive condition than control condition (I guess this is a typical neural response to negative emotion).
With ICA decomposition, as well as with the saliency map, the authors identified a salience network for the aversive condition. The activation of this network is correlated to negative behavioural.
(one interesting part is that vMPFC, which is also activated by the aversive stimuli but not in the salience network, was ignored, at least in the main story)
In experiment 2, the authors set three conditions: pharmacological experiment. propranolol (40 mg), a b-adrenergic receptor blocker; metyrapone (750 mg given twice), a cortisol synthesis blocker; or a placebo. Stress induction procedures were extended with a threat of mild electrical shock to increase effectiveness in raising cortisol but were otherwise identical to experiment 1.
The interesting part of the results is that the propranolol decreased the activation on the salience network, but not the visual network (I think that using the visual network as the baseline is a little bit unfair). The pattern of interaction is great!
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